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<?php
/**
* WordPress Plugin Administration API: WP_Plugin_Dependencies class
*
* @package WordPress
* @subpackage Administration
* @since 6.5.0
*/
/**
* Core class for installing plugin dependencies.
*
* It is designed to add plugin dependencies as designated in the
* `Requires Plugins` header to a new view in the plugins install page.
*/
class WP_Plugin_Dependencies {
/**
* Holds 'get_plugins()'.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @var array
*/
protected static $plugins;
/**
* Holds plugin directory names to compare with cache.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @var array
*/
protected static $plugin_dirnames;
/**
* Holds sanitized plugin dependency slugs.
*
* Keyed on the dependent plugin's filepath,
* relative to the plugins directory.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @var array
*/
protected static $dependencies;
/**
* Holds an array of sanitized plugin dependency slugs.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @var array
*/
protected static $dependency_slugs;
/**
* Holds an array of dependent plugin slugs.
*
* Keyed on the dependent plugin's filepath,
* relative to the plugins directory.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @var array
*/
protected static $dependent_slugs;
/**
* Holds 'plugins_api()' data for plugin dependencies.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @var array
*/
protected static $dependency_api_data;
/**
* Holds plugin dependency filepaths, relative to the plugins directory.
*
* Keyed on the dependency's slug.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @var string[]
*/
protected static $dependency_filepaths;
/**
* An array of circular dependency pairings.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @var array[]
*/
protected static $circular_dependencies_pairs;
/**
* An array of circular dependency slugs.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @var string[]
*/
protected static $circular_dependencies_slugs;
/**
* Whether Plugin Dependencies have been initialized.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @var bool
*/
protected static $initialized = false;
/**
* Initializes by fetching plugin header and plugin API data.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*/
public static function initialize() {
if ( false === self::$initialized ) {
self::read_dependencies_from_plugin_headers();
self::get_dependency_api_data();
self::$initialized = true;
}
}
/**
* Determines whether the plugin has plugins that depend on it.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @param string $plugin_file The plugin's filepath, relative to the plugins directory.
* @return bool Whether the plugin has plugins that depend on it.
*/
public static function has_dependents( $plugin_file ) {
return in_array( self::convert_to_slug( $plugin_file ), (array) self::$dependency_slugs, true );
}
/**
* Determines whether the plugin has plugin dependencies.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @param string $plugin_file The plugin's filepath, relative to the plugins directory.
* @return bool Whether a plugin has plugin dependencies.
*/
public static function has_dependencies( $plugin_file ) {
return isset( self::$dependencies[ $plugin_file ] );
}
/**
* Determines whether the plugin has active dependents.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @param string $plugin_file The plugin's filepath, relative to the plugins directory.
* @return bool Whether the plugin has active dependents.
*/
public static function has_active_dependents( $plugin_file ) {
require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/plugin.php';
$dependents = self::get_dependents( self::convert_to_slug( $plugin_file ) );
foreach ( $dependents as $dependent ) {
if ( is_plugin_active( $dependent ) ) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* Gets filepaths of plugins that require the dependency.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @param string $slug The dependency's slug.
* @return array An array of dependent plugin filepaths, relative to the plugins directory.
*/
public static function get_dependents( $slug ) {
$dependents = array();
foreach ( (array) self::$dependencies as $dependent => $dependencies ) {
if ( in_array( $slug, $dependencies, true ) ) {
$dependents[] = $dependent;
}
}
return $dependents;
}
/**
* Gets the slugs of plugins that the dependent requires.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @param string $plugin_file The dependent plugin's filepath, relative to the plugins directory.
* @return array An array of dependency plugin slugs.
*/
public static function get_dependencies( $plugin_file ) {
if ( isset( self::$dependencies[ $plugin_file ] ) ) {
return self::$dependencies[ $plugin_file ];
}
return array();
}
/**
* Gets a dependent plugin's filepath.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @param string $slug The dependent plugin's slug.
* @return string|false The dependent plugin's filepath, relative to the plugins directory,
* or false if the plugin has no dependencies.
*/
public static function get_dependent_filepath( $slug ) {
$filepath = array_search( $slug, self::$dependent_slugs, true );
return $filepath ? $filepath : false;
}
/**
* Determines whether the plugin has unmet dependencies.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @param string $plugin_file The plugin's filepath, relative to the plugins directory.
* @return bool Whether the plugin has unmet dependencies.
*/
public static function has_unmet_dependencies( $plugin_file ) {
if ( ! isset( self::$dependencies[ $plugin_file ] ) ) {
return false;
}
require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/plugin.php';
foreach ( self::$dependencies[ $plugin_file ] as $dependency ) {
$dependency_filepath = self::get_dependency_filepath( $dependency );
if ( false === $dependency_filepath || is_plugin_inactive( $dependency_filepath ) ) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* Determines whether the plugin has a circular dependency.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @param string $plugin_file The plugin's filepath, relative to the plugins directory.
* @return bool Whether the plugin has a circular dependency.
*/
public static function has_circular_dependency( $plugin_file ) {
if ( ! is_array( self::$circular_dependencies_slugs ) ) {
self::get_circular_dependencies();
}
if ( ! empty( self::$circular_dependencies_slugs ) ) {
$slug = self::convert_to_slug( $plugin_file );
if ( in_array( $slug, self::$circular_dependencies_slugs, true ) ) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* Gets the names of plugins that require the plugin.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @param string $plugin_file The plugin's filepath, relative to the plugins directory.
* @return array An array of dependent names.
*/
public static function get_dependent_names( $plugin_file ) {
$dependent_names = array();
$plugins = self::get_plugins();
$slug = self::convert_to_slug( $plugin_file );
foreach ( self::get_dependents( $slug ) as $dependent ) {
$dependent_names[ $dependent ] = $plugins[ $dependent ]['Name'];
}
sort( $dependent_names );
return $dependent_names;
}
/**
* Gets the names of plugins required by the plugin.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @param string $plugin_file The dependent plugin's filepath, relative to the plugins directory.
* @return array An array of dependency names.
*/
public static function get_dependency_names( $plugin_file ) {
$dependency_api_data = self::get_dependency_api_data();
$dependencies = self::get_dependencies( $plugin_file );
$plugins = self::get_plugins();
$dependency_names = array();
foreach ( $dependencies as $dependency ) {
// Use the name if it's available, otherwise fall back to the slug.
if ( isset( $dependency_api_data[ $dependency ]['name'] ) ) {
$name = $dependency_api_data[ $dependency ]['name'];
} else {
$dependency_filepath = self::get_dependency_filepath( $dependency );
if ( false !== $dependency_filepath ) {
$name = $plugins[ $dependency_filepath ]['Name'];
} else {
$name = $dependency;
}
}
$dependency_names[ $dependency ] = $name;
}
return $dependency_names;
}
/**
* Gets the filepath for a dependency, relative to the plugin's directory.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @param string $slug The dependency's slug.
* @return string|false If installed, the dependency's filepath relative to the plugins directory, otherwise false.
*/
public static function get_dependency_filepath( $slug ) {
$dependency_filepaths = self::get_dependency_filepaths();
if ( ! isset( $dependency_filepaths[ $slug ] ) ) {
return false;
}
return $dependency_filepaths[ $slug ];
}
/**
* Returns API data for the dependency.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @param string $slug The dependency's slug.
* @return array|false The dependency's API data on success, otherwise false.
*/
public static function get_dependency_data( $slug ) {
$dependency_api_data = self::get_dependency_api_data();
if ( isset( $dependency_api_data[ $slug ] ) ) {
return $dependency_api_data[ $slug ];
}
return false;
}
/**
* Displays an admin notice if dependencies are not installed.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*/
public static function display_admin_notice_for_unmet_dependencies() {
if ( in_array( false, self::get_dependency_filepaths(), true ) ) {
$error_message = __( 'Some required plugins are missing or inactive.' );
if ( is_multisite() ) {
if ( current_user_can( 'manage_network_plugins' ) ) {
$error_message .= ' ' . sprintf(
/* translators: %s: Link to the network plugins page. */
__( '<a href="%s">Manage plugins</a>.' ),
esc_url( network_admin_url( 'plugins.php' ) )
);
} else {
$error_message .= ' ' . __( 'Please contact your network administrator.' );
}
} elseif ( 'plugins' !== get_current_screen()->base ) {
$error_message .= ' ' . sprintf(
/* translators: %s: Link to the plugins page. */
__( '<a href="%s">Manage plugins</a>.' ),
esc_url( admin_url( 'plugins.php' ) )
);
}
wp_admin_notice(
$error_message,
array(
'type' => 'warning',
)
);
}
}
/**
* Displays an admin notice if circular dependencies are installed.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*/
public static function display_admin_notice_for_circular_dependencies() {
$circular_dependencies = self::get_circular_dependencies();
if ( ! empty( $circular_dependencies ) && count( $circular_dependencies ) > 1 ) {
$circular_dependencies = array_unique( $circular_dependencies, SORT_REGULAR );
$plugins = self::get_plugins();
$plugin_dirnames = self::get_plugin_dirnames();
// Build output lines.
$circular_dependency_lines = '';
foreach ( $circular_dependencies as $circular_dependency ) {
$first_filepath = $plugin_dirnames[ $circular_dependency[0] ];
$second_filepath = $plugin_dirnames[ $circular_dependency[1] ];
$circular_dependency_lines .= sprintf(
/* translators: 1: First plugin name, 2: Second plugin name. */
'<li>' . _x( '%1$s requires %2$s', 'The first plugin requires the second plugin.' ) . '</li>',
'<strong>' . esc_html( $plugins[ $first_filepath ]['Name'] ) . '</strong>',
'<strong>' . esc_html( $plugins[ $second_filepath ]['Name'] ) . '</strong>'
);
}
wp_admin_notice(
sprintf(
'<p>%1$s</p><ul>%2$s</ul><p>%3$s</p>',
__( 'These plugins cannot be activated because their requirements are invalid.' ),
$circular_dependency_lines,
__( 'Please contact the plugin authors for more information.' )
),
array(
'type' => 'warning',
'paragraph_wrap' => false,
)
);
}
}
/**
* Checks plugin dependencies after a plugin is installed via AJAX.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*/
public static function check_plugin_dependencies_during_ajax() {
check_ajax_referer( 'updates' );
if ( empty( $_POST['slug'] ) ) {
wp_send_json_error(
array(
'slug' => '',
'pluginName' => '',
'errorCode' => 'no_plugin_specified',
'errorMessage' => __( 'No plugin specified.' ),
)
);
}
$slug = sanitize_key( wp_unslash( $_POST['slug'] ) );
$status = array( 'slug' => $slug );
self::get_plugins();
self::get_plugin_dirnames();
if ( ! isset( self::$plugin_dirnames[ $slug ] ) ) {
$status['errorCode'] = 'plugin_not_installed';
$status['errorMessage'] = __( 'The plugin is not installed.' );
wp_send_json_error( $status );
}
$plugin_file = self::$plugin_dirnames[ $slug ];
$status['pluginName'] = self::$plugins[ $plugin_file ]['Name'];
$status['plugin'] = $plugin_file;
if ( current_user_can( 'activate_plugin', $plugin_file ) && is_plugin_inactive( $plugin_file ) ) {
$status['activateUrl'] = add_query_arg(
array(
'_wpnonce' => wp_create_nonce( 'activate-plugin_' . $plugin_file ),
'action' => 'activate',
'plugin' => $plugin_file,
),
is_multisite() ? network_admin_url( 'plugins.php' ) : admin_url( 'plugins.php' )
);
}
if ( is_multisite() && current_user_can( 'manage_network_plugins' ) ) {
$status['activateUrl'] = add_query_arg( array( 'networkwide' => 1 ), $status['activateUrl'] );
}
self::initialize();
$dependencies = self::get_dependencies( $plugin_file );
if ( empty( $dependencies ) ) {
$status['message'] = __( 'The plugin has no required plugins.' );
wp_send_json_success( $status );
}
require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/plugin.php';
$inactive_dependencies = array();
foreach ( $dependencies as $dependency ) {
if ( false === self::$plugin_dirnames[ $dependency ] || is_plugin_inactive( self::$plugin_dirnames[ $dependency ] ) ) {
$inactive_dependencies[] = $dependency;
}
}
if ( ! empty( $inactive_dependencies ) ) {
$inactive_dependency_names = array_map(
function ( $dependency ) {
if ( isset( self::$dependency_api_data[ $dependency ]['Name'] ) ) {
$inactive_dependency_name = self::$dependency_api_data[ $dependency ]['Name'];
} else {
$inactive_dependency_name = $dependency;
}
return $inactive_dependency_name;
},
$inactive_dependencies
);
$status['errorCode'] = 'inactive_dependencies';
$status['errorMessage'] = sprintf(
/* translators: %s: A list of inactive dependency plugin names. */
__( 'The following plugins must be activated first: %s.' ),
implode( ', ', $inactive_dependency_names )
);
$status['errorData'] = array_combine( $inactive_dependencies, $inactive_dependency_names );
wp_send_json_error( $status );
}
$status['message'] = __( 'All required plugins are installed and activated.' );
wp_send_json_success( $status );
}
/**
* Gets data for installed plugins.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @return array An array of plugin data.
*/
protected static function get_plugins() {
if ( is_array( self::$plugins ) ) {
return self::$plugins;
}
require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/plugin.php';
self::$plugins = get_plugins();
return self::$plugins;
}
/**
* Reads and stores dependency slugs from a plugin's 'Requires Plugins' header.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*/
protected static function read_dependencies_from_plugin_headers() {
self::$dependencies = array();
self::$dependency_slugs = array();
self::$dependent_slugs = array();
$plugins = self::get_plugins();
foreach ( $plugins as $plugin => $header ) {
if ( '' === $header['RequiresPlugins'] ) {
continue;
}
$dependency_slugs = self::sanitize_dependency_slugs( $header['RequiresPlugins'] );
self::$dependencies[ $plugin ] = $dependency_slugs;
self::$dependency_slugs = array_merge( self::$dependency_slugs, $dependency_slugs );
$dependent_slug = self::convert_to_slug( $plugin );
self::$dependent_slugs[ $plugin ] = $dependent_slug;
}
self::$dependency_slugs = array_unique( self::$dependency_slugs );
}
/**
* Sanitizes slugs.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @param string $slugs A comma-separated string of plugin dependency slugs.
* @return array An array of sanitized plugin dependency slugs.
*/
protected static function sanitize_dependency_slugs( $slugs ) {
$sanitized_slugs = array();
$slugs = explode( ',', $slugs );
foreach ( $slugs as $slug ) {
$slug = trim( $slug );
/**
* Filters a plugin dependency's slug before matching to
* the WordPress.org slug format.
*
* Can be used to switch between free and premium plugin slugs, for example.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @param string $slug The slug.
*/
$slug = apply_filters( 'wp_plugin_dependencies_slug', $slug );
// Match to WordPress.org slug format.
if ( preg_match( '/^[a-z0-9]+(-[a-z0-9]+)*$/mu', $slug ) ) {
$sanitized_slugs[] = $slug;
}
}
$sanitized_slugs = array_unique( $sanitized_slugs );
sort( $sanitized_slugs );
return $sanitized_slugs;
}
/**
* Gets the filepath of installed dependencies.
* If a dependency is not installed, the filepath defaults to false.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @return array An array of install dependencies filepaths, relative to the plugins directory.
*/
protected static function get_dependency_filepaths() {
if ( is_array( self::$dependency_filepaths ) ) {
return self::$dependency_filepaths;
}
if ( null === self::$dependency_slugs ) {
return array();
}
self::$dependency_filepaths = array();
$plugin_dirnames = self::get_plugin_dirnames();
foreach ( self::$dependency_slugs as $slug ) {
if ( isset( $plugin_dirnames[ $slug ] ) ) {
self::$dependency_filepaths[ $slug ] = $plugin_dirnames[ $slug ];
continue;
}
self::$dependency_filepaths[ $slug ] = false;
}
return self::$dependency_filepaths;
}
/**
* Retrieves and stores dependency plugin data from the WordPress.org Plugin API.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @global string $pagenow The filename of the current screen.
*
* @return array|void An array of dependency API data, or void on early exit.
*/
protected static function get_dependency_api_data() {
global $pagenow;
if ( ! is_admin() || ( 'plugins.php' !== $pagenow && 'plugin-install.php' !== $pagenow ) ) {
return;
}
if ( is_array( self::$dependency_api_data ) ) {
return self::$dependency_api_data;
}
$plugins = self::get_plugins();
self::$dependency_api_data = (array) get_site_transient( 'wp_plugin_dependencies_plugin_data' );
foreach ( self::$dependency_slugs as $slug ) {
// Set transient for individual data, remove from self::$dependency_api_data if transient expired.
if ( ! get_site_transient( "wp_plugin_dependencies_plugin_timeout_{$slug}" ) ) {
unset( self::$dependency_api_data[ $slug ] );
set_site_transient( "wp_plugin_dependencies_plugin_timeout_{$slug}", true, 12 * HOUR_IN_SECONDS );
}
if ( isset( self::$dependency_api_data[ $slug ] ) ) {
if ( false === self::$dependency_api_data[ $slug ] ) {
$dependency_file = self::get_dependency_filepath( $slug );
if ( false === $dependency_file ) {
self::$dependency_api_data[ $slug ] = array( 'Name' => $slug );
} else {
self::$dependency_api_data[ $slug ] = array( 'Name' => $plugins[ $dependency_file ]['Name'] );
}
continue;
}
// Don't hit the Plugin API if data exists.
if ( ! empty( self::$dependency_api_data[ $slug ]['last_updated'] ) ) {
continue;
}
}
if ( ! function_exists( 'plugins_api' ) ) {
require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/plugin-install.php';
}
$information = plugins_api(
'plugin_information',
array(
'slug' => $slug,
'fields' => array(
'short_description' => true,
'icons' => true,
),
)
);
if ( is_wp_error( $information ) ) {
continue;
}
self::$dependency_api_data[ $slug ] = (array) $information;
// plugins_api() returns 'name' not 'Name'.
self::$dependency_api_data[ $slug ]['Name'] = self::$dependency_api_data[ $slug ]['name'];
set_site_transient( 'wp_plugin_dependencies_plugin_data', self::$dependency_api_data, 0 );
}
// Remove from self::$dependency_api_data if slug no longer a dependency.
$differences = array_diff( array_keys( self::$dependency_api_data ), self::$dependency_slugs );
foreach ( $differences as $difference ) {
unset( self::$dependency_api_data[ $difference ] );
}
ksort( self::$dependency_api_data );
// Remove empty elements.
self::$dependency_api_data = array_filter( self::$dependency_api_data );
set_site_transient( 'wp_plugin_dependencies_plugin_data', self::$dependency_api_data, 0 );
return self::$dependency_api_data;
}
/**
* Gets plugin directory names.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @return array An array of plugin directory names.
*/
protected static function get_plugin_dirnames() {
if ( is_array( self::$plugin_dirnames ) ) {
return self::$plugin_dirnames;
}
self::$plugin_dirnames = array();
$plugin_files = array_keys( self::get_plugins() );
foreach ( $plugin_files as $plugin_file ) {
$slug = self::convert_to_slug( $plugin_file );
self::$plugin_dirnames[ $slug ] = $plugin_file;
}
return self::$plugin_dirnames;
}
/**
* Gets circular dependency data.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @return array[] An array of circular dependency pairings.
*/
protected static function get_circular_dependencies() {
if ( is_array( self::$circular_dependencies_pairs ) ) {
return self::$circular_dependencies_pairs;
}
if ( null === self::$dependencies ) {
return array();
}
self::$circular_dependencies_slugs = array();
self::$circular_dependencies_pairs = array();
foreach ( self::$dependencies as $dependent => $dependencies ) {
/*
* $dependent is in 'a/a.php' format. Dependencies are stored as slugs, i.e. 'a'.
*
* Convert $dependent to slug format for checking.
*/
$dependent_slug = self::convert_to_slug( $dependent );
self::$circular_dependencies_pairs = array_merge(
self::$circular_dependencies_pairs,
self::check_for_circular_dependencies( array( $dependent_slug ), $dependencies )
);
}
return self::$circular_dependencies_pairs;
}
/**
* Checks for circular dependencies.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @param array $dependents Array of dependent plugins.
* @param array $dependencies Array of plugins dependencies.
* @return array A circular dependency pairing, or an empty array if none exists.
*/
protected static function check_for_circular_dependencies( $dependents, $dependencies ) {
$circular_dependencies_pairs = array();
// Check for a self-dependency.
$dependents_location_in_its_own_dependencies = array_intersect( $dependents, $dependencies );
if ( ! empty( $dependents_location_in_its_own_dependencies ) ) {
foreach ( $dependents_location_in_its_own_dependencies as $self_dependency ) {
self::$circular_dependencies_slugs[] = $self_dependency;
$circular_dependencies_pairs[] = array( $self_dependency, $self_dependency );
// No need to check for itself again.
unset( $dependencies[ array_search( $self_dependency, $dependencies, true ) ] );
}
}
/*
* Check each dependency to see:
* 1. If it has dependencies.
* 2. If its list of dependencies includes one of its own dependents.
*/
foreach ( $dependencies as $dependency ) {
// Check if the dependency is also a dependent.
$dependency_location_in_dependents = array_search( $dependency, self::$dependent_slugs, true );
if ( false !== $dependency_location_in_dependents ) {
$dependencies_of_the_dependency = self::$dependencies[ $dependency_location_in_dependents ];
foreach ( $dependents as $dependent ) {
// Check if its dependencies includes one of its own dependents.
$dependent_location_in_dependency_dependencies = array_search(
$dependent,
$dependencies_of_the_dependency,
true
);
if ( false !== $dependent_location_in_dependency_dependencies ) {
self::$circular_dependencies_slugs[] = $dependent;
self::$circular_dependencies_slugs[] = $dependency;
$circular_dependencies_pairs[] = array( $dependent, $dependency );
// Remove the dependent from its dependency's dependencies.
unset( $dependencies_of_the_dependency[ $dependent_location_in_dependency_dependencies ] );
}
}
$dependents[] = $dependency;
/*
* Now check the dependencies of the dependency's dependencies for the dependent.
*
* Yes, that does make sense.
*/
$circular_dependencies_pairs = array_merge(
$circular_dependencies_pairs,
self::check_for_circular_dependencies( $dependents, array_unique( $dependencies_of_the_dependency ) )
);
}
}
return $circular_dependencies_pairs;
}
/**
* Converts a plugin filepath to a slug.
*
* @since 6.5.0
*
* @param string $plugin_file The plugin's filepath, relative to the plugins directory.
* @return string The plugin's slug.
*/
protected static function convert_to_slug( $plugin_file ) {
if ( 'hello.php' === $plugin_file ) {
return 'hello-dolly';
}
return str_contains( $plugin_file, '/' ) ? dirname( $plugin_file ) : str_replace( '.php', '', $plugin_file );
}
}
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在线中文学校 7/24，专为华裔青少儿设计，教学经验丰富|灵犀中文
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班主任全程跟踪，及时给家长反馈孩子学习情况，全方位保障孩子学有所成。
灵活的上课时间 ( 7*24 )，随时随地在线学中文。
学生不仅可以和课件互动，还能加强和老师的互动。学生、教师和课件三位一体，互动性空前提升，让老师对学生的学习效果把控地更加准确，教学更有效。
通过非常丰富的互动体验和精美的趣味元素设计，让孩子更能记住所学的内容，真正做到寓教于乐，让学生能够快乐地学好中文。
灵犀中文的教研团队深耕行业多年，深谙华裔孩子中文学习的特点。课件专业针对华裔青少儿中文学习的特点制作，让孩子的学习更加科学。
覆盖多种中文考试课程，包括IB中文、AP中文、A-Level中文、O-Level中文和DSE中文，满足不同中文考试辅导的需求。
所有考试辅导皆为1对1名师教学，根据考生的水平制定个性化备考课程计划，针对弱项快速补强。
灵犀的老师有着丰富的考试辅导经验，深谙各中文考试的大纲和重点，帮助学生超越自我，考取高分。
灵犀中文掌握华裔青少儿中文教学的精髓，让您的孩子快乐高效地学好中文！
练习充分，讲练比例1:4，全面提升听说读写，让孩子真正学会中文
趣味课堂互动，锻炼孩子语言交际能力，激发孩子中文学习兴趣
